AWEJ for Translation & Literary Studies, Volume 5, Number4. October  2021                                Pp.153-161
DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.24093/awejtls/vol5no4.11

 Full Paper PDF

Exploring the Postcolonial Concept through the Eye of European Expansionism and Imperialism 

Waleed Hamad
Department of English Language and Literature
Faculty of English, College of Languages, Salahaddin University-Erbil
Erbil, Iraq
Email: unilecturer222@gmail.com

 

Received: 9/13/2021                           Accepted:10/20/2021              Published: 10/25/2021

 

Abstract:
The Postcolonial study has become very popular—it deals with colonial issues, cultural hegemony, imperialist subjects, and subservient topics. The postcolonial analysis mainly mostly involves Africa, America, Asia, and the Middle East. The imperial forces like England and France were the prominent actors in this venture. Thus, the postcolonial began after these imperial forces had left their former colonies. The formerly colonized countries were given political independence, and they began to govern themselves. However, the postcolonial study began to gain significant attention from Edward Said’s Orientalism (1978), in which he explains how Africa, the Middle East, and Asia were established on the western Imperialist structure. Edward Said explains exclusively that Orientalism vehemently accentuates the disparity between the west, their theories, social orders, literary pieces, the orient political history, tradition, norms, ideology, religion, and destiny. It dramatically reflects how the colonized adapted the cultural identity of their colonizers. The postcolonialism has been used to remember a set of conjectures and practices—and it also explains how colonialism has become a prominent and constant record. This article explores the postcolonial study, delineates the available resources that present the idea of postcolonialism, colonialism, and the effect of the Western imperialist system on the former colonies. The article also reflects Homi Bhabha’s cultural hybridity; he explains how mimicry plays a significant role in making the colonized adopt the culture of their colonizers.
Keywords: Colonialism, European expansionism, imperialism, other, Orient, postcolonialism

Cite as: Hamad, W.  (2021). Exploring the Postcolonial Concept through the Eye of European Expansionism and Imperialism. Arab World English Journal for Translation & Literary Studies 5 (4) 153-161.
DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.24093/awejtls/vol5no4.11

References

Abu-Lughod, J. L. (1991). Before European hegemony: the world system AD 1250-1350. Oxford University Press, USA.

Anderson, J. M. (2000). Writing in subjugated knowledges: Towards a transformative agenda in nursing research and practice. Nursing Inquiry 7(3): 145–145.

Anderson, J. M. (2000). The history of Portugal. Greenwood Publishing Group.

Armesto, F. (2006). Pathfinders: A Global History of Exploration. W.W. Norton & Company.

Arnold, D. (2002). The Age of Discovery, 1400–1600, Lancaster pamphlets. Routledge.

Ashcroft, B., Griffiths, G., & Tiffin, H. (2013). Post-colonial studies: The key concepts. routledge.

Bhabha, H. K. (2004). “The Black Savant and the Dark Princess.” ESQ: A Journal of the American Renaissance, 50 (1), 137-155. Project MUSE.

Bhabha, H. K. (1994). The Location of Culture, Routledge.

Bhabha, H. K. (2009). On global memory: Reflections on barbaric transmission. In Crossing Cultures: Conflict, Migration, and Convergence: The Proceedings of the 32nd International Congress in the History of Art. Miegunyah Press.

Bhabha, H. K. (2012). “Beyond Photography.” In A Living Man Declared Dead and Other Chapters I-XVIII, 7-21. New York: Gagosian Gallery.

Brook, T. (2007). Vermeer’s Hat: The Seventeenth Century and the Dawn of the Global World (reissue ed.). Bloomsbury Press.

Cannadine, D. (2003). Ornamentalism: How the British saw their empire. Oxford University Press, USA.

Chandler, D. C. (2006). Empire in denial: the politics of state-building. Pluto.

De Castro, J. E. (2014). Colonialism and Postcolonialism. Gale Virtual Reference.

Dirlik, A. (1997). The Postconial Aura: Third World Criticism in the Age of Global Capitalism. Boulder: Westview Press.

Donkin, R. A. (2003). Between east and west: the Moluccas and the traffic in spices up to the arrival of Europeans. Memoirs of the American Philosophical Society, Diane Publishing.

Gandhi, M. (2012). The essential Gandhi: an anthology of his writings on his life, work, and ideas. Vintage.

Genoni, P. (2004). Subverting the Empire: Explorers and Exploration in Australian Fiction. Altona, VIC: Common Ground.

Hall, G., & Wortham, S. (1996). Rethinking authority: interview with Homi K. Bhabha.

Hallward, P. (2001). Absolutely postcolonial: Writing between the singular and the specific. Manchester University Press.

Huddart, D. (2006). Homi K. Bhabha. Routledge.

Jacques, M. (2009). When China rules the world: The end of the western world and the birth of a new global order. Penguin.

Mignolo, W. D. (1993). Colonial and postcolonial discourse: cultural critique or academic colonialism?. Latin American Research Review28(3), 120-134.

Rawlinson, K. (2016). Cecil Rhodes statue to remain at Oxford after ‘overwhelming support’. The Guardian29.

Sen, T. (2016). The impact of Zheng He’s expeditions on Indian Ocean interactions. Bulletin of the School of Oriental and African Studies79(3), 609-636.

Senft, G. (1999). Bronislaw Kasper Malinowski. In Handbook of pragmatics: 1997 installment. Benjamins.

Thornton, R. J., & Skalník, P. (Eds.). (1993). The early writings of Bronisław Malinowski. Cambridge University Press.

Tzu, S. (2005). The Art of War (trans Thomas Cleary). Boston and London: Shambhala.

Facebook
Twitter
LinkedIn
Tumblr
Reddit
Email
StumbleUpon
Digg
Received: 9/13/2021 
Accepted: 10/20/2021  
Published: 10/25/2021 
https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9550-0037
http://dx.doi.org/10.24093/awejtls/vol5no4.11

Waleed Pirbal Hamad is an Assistant Lecturer from Erbil, Iraq. His Master’s Degree is in English Literature from Cyprus International University, North Cyprus (2016), and his current research interests focus on novels and literary criticism. ORCiD ID https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9550-0037